Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost Mission 1 successfully landed on the Moon on March 2, 2025. It landed near a volcanic feature called Mons Latreille within Mare Crisium, a more than 300-mile-wide basin located in the northeast quadrant of the Moon’s near side.
The Blue Ghost lander is in an upright and stable configuration, and the successful Moon delivery is part of NASA’s CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) initiative and Artemis campaign. This is the first CLPS delivery for Firefly and their first Moon landing.
The ten NASA science and technology instruments aboard the lander will operate on the lunar surface for approximately one lunar day or about 14 Earth days.\
“We have already learned many lessons, and the technological and science demonstrations onboard Firefly’s Blue Ghost Mission 1 will improve our ability to not only discover more science but to ensure the safety of our spacecraft instruments for future human exploration, both in the short term and long term, ” said NASA Acting Administrator Janet Petro.
Since launching from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on January 15, Blue Ghost travelled more than 2.8 million miles, downlinked more than 27 GB of data, and supported several science operations. This included signal tracking from the Global Navigation Satellite System at a record-breaking distance of 246,000 miles with the Lunar GNSS Receiver Experiment payload, showing NASA can use the same positioning systems on Earth when at the Moon.
Science conducted during the journey also included radiation-tolerant computing through the Van Allen Belts with the Radiation-Tolerant Computer System payload and measurements of magnetic field changes in space with the Lunar Magnetotelluric Sounder payload.
“We’re sending these payloads by working with American companies – which supports a growing lunar economy,” said NASA Associate Administrator for Science Nicky Fox,
During surface operations, the NASA instruments will test and demonstrate lunar subsurface drilling technology, regolith sample collection capabilities, global navigation satellite system abilities, radiation tolerant computing, and lunar dust mitigation methods. The data captured will benefit humanity by providing insights into how space weather and other cosmic forces impact Earth.
Before payload operations conclude, teams will aim to capture imagery of the lunar sunset and how lunar dust reacts to solar influences during lunar dusk conditions, a phenomenon first documented by former NASA astronaut Eugene Cernan on Apollo 17. Following the lunar sunset, the lander will operate for several hours into the lunar night.
“On behalf of our entire team, I want to thank NASA for entrusting Firefly as their lunar delivery provider,” said Firefly CEO Jason Kim. “Blue Ghost’s successful Moon landing has laid the groundwork for the future of commercial exploration across cislunar space. We’re now looking forward to more than 14 days of surface operations to unlock even more science data that will have a substantial impact on future missions to the Moon and Mars.”
To date, five vendors have been awarded 11 lunar deliveries under CLPS and are sending more than 50 instruments to various locations on the Moon, including the lunar South Pole. Existing CLPS contracts are indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity contracts with a cumulative maximum contract value of USD2.6 billion through 2028.
